J
J acid. (2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid). saponification number 220, iodine number 10-15.
Combustible.
Derivation: From a species of Rhus by boiling the
fruit in water.
Use: Candles, floor waxes, polishes, substitute for
beeswax, food packaging.
Japp-Klingemann reaction. Formation of
Properties: Gray needles, white when pure. Soluble
hydrazones by coupling of aryldiazonium salts with
in hot water; sparingly soluble in cold water.
active methylene compounds in which at least one of
Derivation: -naphthylamine sulfate is sulfonated
the activating groups is acyl or carboxyl. This group
with 66% oleum, the filtrate yields 2-naphthyl-
usually cleaves during the process.
amine-1,5,7-trisulfonic acid. On reaction with dilute
sulfuric acid at 125C, this yields 2-naphthylamine-
“Jarcoal” [Jarchem].
TM for potassium ace-
5,7-disulfonic acid; from this J acid is obtained on
tate based fluid.
reaction with 58% sodium hydroxide solution at
Use: For spraying interior of coal barge, rail cars, and
200C and 210 psi.
trailers to prevent freezeup.
Use: Azo dye intermediate.
“Jaracol” [James Robinson]. TM for a line
J acid urea. See 5,5
-dihydroxy-7,7
-disulfon-
of hair dye intermediates.
ic-2,2
-disulfonic-2,2
-dinaphthylurea.
“Jargrip” [Jarchem]. TM for a potassium ace-
Jacobsen rearrangement. Reaction of po-
tate based fluids.
lymethylbenzenes with concentrated sulfuric acid to
Use: For deicing runways.
give rearranged polymethylbenzenesulfonic acids.
Under identical conditions, halogenated polyme-
jar mill. An assembly of small ceramic jars con-
thylbenzenes undergo disproportionation.
taining porcelain or flint pebbles; the jars are often
arranged in parallel tiers, each containing four or
Jacquemart’s reagent. Analytical reagent
more jars, each tier being mounted on a rotating
used to test for ethyl alcohol. Consists of an aqueous
shaft. Such mills are used for production of small
solution of mercuric nitrate and nitric acid.
quantities of pulverized material.
See ball mill; pebble mill.
Janovsky reaction. Reaction of aldehydes and
ketones containing -methylene groups with m-din-
jasmine absolute.
See oil of jasmine.
itrobenzenes in the presence of a strong base, result-
ing in the formation of an intense purple coloration,
jasmine aldehyde. See -amylcinnamic alde-
used for the detection of carbonyl compounds. The
hyde.
color is due to the formation of a Meisenheimer
complex.
jasmine oil. An essential oil in perfumery and
flavoring. It is dextrorotatory.
Japan. A varnish yielding a hard, glossy, dark-
colored film. Japans are usually dried by baking at
jamolin. C
21
H
30
O
3
. Insecticidal principle of py-
relatively high temperatures (ASTM D 16–52). True
rethrum.
Japan varnishes contain a strongly irritating chemi-
cal, more recent types contain kauri or copal resin,
jasmone. (3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopen-
linseed oil, lead oxide, pigments, and solvents such
ten-1-one).
as kerosene or turpentine.
CAS: 488-10-8. C
11
H
16
O. A ketone found in jasmine
Hazard: Flammable, irritant to eyes and skin.
oil and other flower oils.
Use: Coatings for miscellaneous wood and metal
Properties: Odor of jasmine. D 0.944 (22/0C).
products.
Use: Perfumery.
Japan wax. (Japan tallow; sumac wax).
Properties: Pale-yellow solid; tallowlike rancid jatrophone.
A diterpenoid growth inhibitor iso-
odor. Contains 10–15% palmatin and other glycer- lated from an alcohol extract of the plant Jatropha
ides. Soluble in benzene and naphtha; insoluble in gossypiifolia. Its unique structure includes a 12-
water and in cold alcohol. D 0.970–0.980, mp 53C, membered ring. It is readily attacked by nucleo-
721
722JAVEL WATER
philes. Useful in study of tumor growth inhibition types with somewhat different compositions and
properties have been used.
and other biochemical research.
Jetset. A fast-setting cement developed by the
Javel water. NaHClO.
Portland Cement Association. Reported to harden in
Use: A bleach.
20 minutes after pouring. Accelerating agent has not
been disclosed.
“Jayflex” [Exxon Chemical International].
TM for a plasticizer.
JH. (methyl-cis-10,11-epoxy-7-ethyl-3,11-di-
methyl-trans,trans-2,6-tridecadienoate). A syn-
“Jeffamine” [Texaco]. TM for polyoxypropy-
thetic hormone containing a 13-carbon chain; said to
leneamines.
have possibilities as an insecticide. It acts by pre-
Grade: 3 diamine, 1 triamine.
venting insects from maturing. Its future depends on
Available forms: Liquid.
the possibility of large-scale production.
Hazard: Corrosive.
See juvenile hormone.
Use: Curing agent for epoxy resin systems in adhe-
sives, elastomers, and foam formulations, and as an
“JHR Compound” [Barium]. TM for a ther-
intermediate for textile and paper-treating chem-
moplastic compound impervious to mineral acid;
icals.
does not decompose hydrogen peroxide.
Use: To coat interiors of tanks and containers for
jelly. A modified form of the word gel widely used
shipment of hydrogen peroxide, acids, etc.
in popular language but also used in chemical litera-
ture to refer to the mechanical strength of the gel
“Jiffix” [Mallinckrodt]. TM for an acid-hard-
structures occurring with pectins, gelatin, and vari-
ening, ammonium thiosulfate fixing bath. Ready-
ous natural gums. “Jelly strength” is frequently
mixed and rapid-acting.
specified in the food industry. Other uses of the word
are found in “petroleum jelly” obtained as a distilla-
“JinBest Paste” [Jinicolor]. TM for a semi
tion product of petroleum residues (petrolatum) and
discharge paste.
in the so-called royal jelly, a natural nutrient mixture
of proteins and carbohydrates produced by bees as
“JIN Print” [Jinicolor]. TM for a synthetic
food for the queen bee.
thickener for pigment printing.
See gel.
Joint European Torus. See JET.
“Jel-O-Mer” [Reichhold]. TM for a thixo-
tropic additive used in coatings.
jojoba oil.
Properties: Colorless, odorless, waxy liquid; chemi-
Jenner, Edward. (1749–1823). An English
cally similar to sperm oil.
physician, Jenner studied medicine in London and
Derivation: By crushing seeds of an evergreen desert
established his practice in the rural area of Glouces-
shrub found in southwestern U.S. and northern Mex-
tershire. Here he discovered the technique of vacci-
ico. Experimental cultivation in California and Isra-
nation as a preventive of smallpox (1776). The idea
el. Yield of oil from seeds approaches 50%.
of utilizing cowpox, a disease of cattle, as a protec-
Use: Substitute for sperm oil, especially in transmis-
tive medium was suggested by his observation that
sion lubricants, high-pressure lubricant, antifoam
personnel working in dairies developed immunity to
agent (antibiotic fermentation), substitute for car-
smallpox after contracting the much milder cowpox.
nauba wax and beeswax, cosmetic preparations.
Jenner’s work not only led to almost complete elimi-
nation of smallpox in Europe, but also anticipated
Joliot-Curie, Frederick. (1900–1958). A
the development of immune reactions by Pasteur a
French physicist who, along with his wife Irene
century later. His success was no accident, but rather
Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in
the result of detailed observations from which he
1935. His important discoveries included artificial
drew correct conclusions. He was a scientist of the
radioactivity. He did much work on atom structure,
highest caliber and a noteworthy benefactor of man-
dematerialization of electrons, and inverse transfor-
kind.
mation. Work on hormone synthesis and thyroid
substances containing radioactively labeled ele-
JET. Abbreviation for Joint European Torus, an
ments was significant. ScD from the University of
experimental nuclear fusion device in England. It is
Paris was followed by a distinguished career filled
a project jointly undertaken by several European
with honors and appointments.
countries.
See tokamak; fusion.
Joliot-Curie, Irene. (1897–1956). A French
nuclear scientist who won the Nobel Prize for chem-
jet fuel. A fuel for jet (turbine) engines, usually a istry with her husband Frederic Joliet-Curie. Their
petroleum distillate similar to kerosine. A number of joint work involved production of artificial radioac-
723 JUVENILE HORMONE
tive elements by using -rays to bombard boron.
Jourdan-Ullmann-Goldberg synthesis.
Synthesis of substituted diphenylamines. The re-
They discovered that hydrogen-containing material
action products can be used as intermediates in the
when exposed to what they considered -rays would
synthesis of acridones.
emit protons. They were involved in many firsts:
they gave the first chemical proof of artificial tran-
smutation and of capture of alpha particles, and were
juglone. See 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.
the first to prepare positron emitters. Her career
started with a Sc.D., at the University of Paris, and
included scores of honors and awards.
juniper tar oil. (oil of cade, cade oil, oleum
cadium). Chief constitutent is cadinene, a sesquiter-
Jones oxidation. The oxidation of primary and
pene.
secondary alcohols to acids and ketones by the addi-
Properties: Yellow oil. D 0.980–1.055. Soluble in
tion of the calculated amount of chromic anhydride
alcohol.
in dilute sulfuric acid to a solution of the alcohol in
Derivation: By product of distillation of Juniperus
acetone. This procedure does not attack triple bonds
oxycedrus
or shift double bonds into conjugation with the ke-
tone formed in the oxidation.
junk DNA. (non-coding DNA). Stretches of
DNA that do not code for genes; most of the genome
jonkmari, extract.
consists of so-called junk DNA which may have
CAS: 84929-59-9.
regulatory and other functions.
Hazard: A poison.
Source: Natural product.
jute. Bast fibers, 4–10 ft long, obtained from the
jordan. See beater.
stems of several species of Corchorus, especially C.
capularis. Contains a higher proportion of lignin
Joule-Thomas coefficient. The change in
and less cellulose than any other commercial vegeta-
temperature per atmosphere change of pressure on a
ble fiber and has relatively poor strength and dura-
gas or other fluid when the enthalpy remains con-
bility. The fibers are soft and lustrous but lose
stant. It is found by measuring the temperature
strength when wet. Combustible. Not self-extin-
change from T
to T when the pressure p
of a gas on
guishing.
one side of a porous plug changes to Phosphorus on
Hazard: Flammable in form of dust, may ignite
the other side. The change of temperature (T
T)
spontaneously when wet.
and of (p
p) are measured under conditions such
Use: Burlap, sacking, linoleum, twine, carpet back-
that no heat is gained or lost, and the pressure of the
ing, packing, coarse paper.
plug is great enough to insure a nearly constant
pressure in the incoming and outgoing gas. The ratio
juvenile hormone. One of several hormones
of (T
T)/(p
p) at several pressure ranges is
that retard the development of insects in the larval
extrapolated to the limiting case as (p
p) ap-
stage; so called because they prevent the insect from
proaches zero. This limiting value is the Joule-
maturing by maintaining its juvenile characteristics.
Thomson coefficient, . Thus,
Obtained naturally from silk moths; various synthe-
ses indicate possible use as insecticides, especially
for fire ants. Composition of one type is C
18
H
30
O
3
.
See JH.